Your Visit in Bulgaria – A to Z Guide

Overview of Bulgaria

Bulgaria, a relatively small European gem, unfolds across 110 square kilometers of diverse landscapes, from its serene beaches to majestic mountains. This country, rich in history and culture, is a crossroads where Slavic, Ottoman, Persian, and Greek influences meet, offering a tapestry of experiences that captivate the hearts of travelers.

Despite its modest size, Bulgaria’s geography is remarkably varied. In just 4 hours, you can travel from the bustling streets of Sofia to the tranquil shores of the Black Sea, traversing a land where every mile tells a story. The Danube River to the north and the rugged terrains of the Rila and Pirin mountains offer natural wonders waiting to be explored.

Home to approximately 7 million people, Bulgaria operates on the Bulgarian lev (BGN). 2 Bulgarian lev is circa 1 Euro, ensuring visitors can delve into its offerings without the hassle of currency confusion. Sofia, the capital, stands as a testament to Bulgaria’s enduring spirit. Landmarks like the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and the ancient Serdica ruins highlight a city where history breathes. Coastal cities like Varna and Burgas, with their golden sands and vibrant festivals, serve as the perfect backdrop for anyone looking to blend leisure with discovery.

Discover more essential facts about Bulgaria.

Bulgaria invites you to a journey filled with culinary delights, ancient stories, and natural beauty. Despite its compact territory, the country’s rich tapestry of experiences promises a boundless adventure, making every visit an unforgettable chapter in your travel diary.

How to Get into Bulgaria

Getting into Bulgaria is straightforward, with several airlines offering routes from around the globe. Whether flying from North America, Europe, Asia, or beyond, you’ll find various options to land in Bulgaria.

Airlines and Booking Procedures

Major international airlines, including Austrian Airlines, Bulgaria Air, Lufthansa, British Airways, and Turkish Airlines, offer direct and connecting flights to Bulgaria. Connections through European hubs like Frankfurt, London, Vienna, and Istanbul are standard for travelers from further afield. Budget airlines such as Ryanair and Wizz Air provide affordable options for visitors from Europe, making Bulgaria an accessible destination for every budget.

When booking your flight, it pays to be flexible with your travel dates. Using fare comparison websites and booking in advance can significantly reduce travel costs. Watch for airline promotions and consider flying mid-week for the best deals.

We trust and make our bookings through United Travel Agency in Sofia, Bulgaria. They can be reached at +359 882 611 971 or online_at_unitedtravelagency.net. They can also help you choose and service your complicated connections and transfers.

Transit Information

Bulgaria is well connected by air, with Sofia Airport (SOF) as the main gateway. Varna Airport (VAR) and Burgas Airport (BOJ) are the primary entry points for those looking to explore the Black Sea coast, which is especially bustling during summer. Plovdiv Airport (PDV) offers an alternative route for those interested in southern Bulgaria or winter sports in the nearby mountains.

A network of buses, trains, and domestic flights facilitates transit within Bulgaria, ensuring easy access to your final destination. Car rental services are available at all major airports, cities, and resorts, offering a flexible option for those eager to explore at their own pace.

Bulgaria by Car

Reaching Bulgaria by car is easy! Check our resources for visiting Bulgaria by car from the Netherlands (North and Western Europe) and Switzerland. If you plan to drive in Bulgaria, you must equip your vehicle with a vignette. We recommend you also review Bulgaria’s road safety regulations and speed limits. Please take a look at our Driving section for complete information and Q&A.

Customs and Immigration

All visitors go through customs and passport checks upon arrival. Bulgaria entering the Schengen area will soon free EU visitors from passport controls at airports and sea ports. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned stay. Visitors from many countries can enter Bulgaria for up to 90 days without a visa. However, checking visa requirements specific to your country is crucial before traveling.

Bulgaria adheres to EU customs regulations, so travelers should be aware of restrictions on tobacco, alcohol, and valuable goods. You can learn more about customs and duties here.

Entering Bulgaria is the first step on your journey of discovery. With some planning, you can ensure that your arrival is as seamless as the adventures in this enchanting land await you.

Visas and Legal Requirements

Entering Bulgaria, a country known for its picturesque landscapes and rich historical tapestry, requires understanding its visa and legal requirements. Whether you’re planning to explore the bustling streets of Sofia or the serene beaches of the Black Sea coast, here’s what you need to know:

Who Needs a Visa?

Bulgaria is part of the European Union but not a member of the Schengen Area and has its own specific visa policies. EU, EEA, and Switzerland nationals can enter Bulgaria without a visa and stay for up to 90 days. Citizens of countries like the USA, Canada, Australia, and Japan also enjoy visa-free access under similar terms. However, travelers from many other countries must apply for a Bulgarian visa.

Types of Visas

1. Tourist Visa (C Visa) – For travelers visiting Bulgaria for leisure or tourism.
2. Business Visa – This is for individuals visiting Bulgaria for business purposes.
3. Transit Visa – This is for those passing through Bulgaria en route to another destination.

How to Apply: Applying for a Bulgarian visa typically involves the following steps:

1. Fill out the application form. It is available on the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website or at the nearest embassy or consulate.
2. Gather required documents – This usually includes a valid passport, recent photographs, proof of accommodation, travel itinerary, and financial means.
3. Schedule an appointment – At the Bulgarian embassy or consulate in your country.
4. Attend the interview – Some applicants may be required to attend an interview.
5. Pay the visa fee – Fees vary depending on the visa type and duration of stay.

Visa Costs

The cost of a short-stay visa (Type C) is typically between €60 – €95, but prices can vary. Always check the latest information from official sources.

Time Taken for Issueing a Visa

The processing time for a Bulgarian visa can take up to 15 calendar days from the date of application submission. However, applying well before your planned travel date is advisable, as times can vary based on the consulate’s workload and the specifics of your application.

Required Documents

The standard documents required for a Bulgarian visa application include:

• A valid passport with at least two blank pages.
• Completed application form.
• Recent passport-sized photographs.
• Proof of travel insurance covering the duration of your stay.
• Evidence of accommodation arrangements.
• Proof of financial means to cover your stay (e.g., bank statements).
• Return or onward travel tickets.

For detailed and up-to-date information, always refer to the official website of the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or contact the nearest Bulgarian embassy or consulate. Preparing thoroughly and understanding the visa requirements will ensure a smooth start to your Bulgarian adventure.

Weather

With its diverse geography, Bulgaria experiences a range of climates, providing a unique backdrop for every season. The weather varies significantly from the cool mountainous regions to the warmer coastal areas. In this section, we’ll delve into the climatic conditions throughout the year, focusing on Sofia, Varna, and Burgas, to help you plan your visit accordingly.

Sofia

Sofia is located in the country’s west and experiences a continental climate with significant seasonal variations. Sofia is circa 640 meters above sea level and is one of the highest European capitals.

• Spring (March to May): The season starts cool, with average temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C. It’s a beautiful time to witness Sofia’s parks and gardens come to life.
• Summer (June to August): Warm and sunny, the temperatures hover around 20°C to 28°C. Occasional heatwaves can push temperatures above 30°C.
• Autumn (September to November): Crisp and golden temperatures range from 5°C to 20°C, gradually cooling down as winter approaches.
• Winter (December to February): Cold and snowy, temperatures often dropping below 0°C, especially in January. Sofia’s mountains become a hotspot for winter sports.

Varna and Burgas

Thanks to the Black Sea, these coastal cities boast a more temperate climate. Summers are warmer, and winters are milder compared to the interior of the country.

• Spring: A gradual warm-up, with temperatures from 8°C to 18°C, makes the coast inviting as the beach season unfolds.
• Summer is the prime time for beach-goers, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C to 30°C. Sea temperatures can reach 25°C, which is ideal for swimming and water sports.
• Autumn: Warm and pleasant initially, temperatures range from 14°C to 22°C, with the warmth slowly giving way to cooler air by November.
• Winter: The winter is relatively mild, with temperatures usually between 0°C and 10°C. Snow is rare, and the sea influences keep the climate more temperate than in the interior.

Rainfall

Across Bulgaria, rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, with May and June seeing the most precipitation. Sofia tends to be drier than the coastal cities, where rain can be more frequent but less intense.

Significant Weather Events

While Bulgaria is generally safe from extreme weather, heavy snowfall in winter can lead to disruptions, especially in mountainous areas. Summers can occasionally experience heatwaves, particularly in the cities and along the coast.

When planning your trip to Bulgaria, consider the season that best suits your activities and interests. Whether it’s skiing in the mountains near Sofia and Bansko or enjoying the sunny beaches of Varna and Burgas, Bulgaria offers a wealth of experiences in every season.

What to Pack

Preparing for a trip to Bulgaria means packing wisely for its diverse climates and activities. Whether you’re trekking through the snow-capped mountains or lounging on the sunny beaches, here’s your seasonal guide to ensure you’re perfectly equipped for your Bulgarian adventure.

Winter (December to February)

• Warm Clothing: Layering is key. Include thermal undergarments, woolen sweaters, and fleece jackets.
• Boots: Waterproof and insulated boots to keep your feet warm and dry.
• Accessories: Don’t forget a warm hat, gloves, and a scarf to protect against the cold winds.
• Winter Coat: A heavy-duty coat, preferably waterproof, to shield you from snow and rain.
• Lip Balm and Moisturizer: The cold, dry air can take a toll on your skin.
• Sunglasses: Snow reflection can be quite bright on sunny days.

Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November)

• Layered Clothing: The weather can be unpredictable, so pack clothes that can be easily layered.
• Light Jacket or Sweater: Nights can still be cool, especially in the mountainous regions.
• Waterproof Jacket: Spring showers are common, so it’s wise to be prepared.
• Comfortable Walking Shoes: For exploring cities or nature trails.
• Umbrella: Compact and easy to carry for unexpected rain.

Summer (June to August)

• Light Clothing: Breathable fabrics like cotton and linen are perfect for the warm weather.
• Sun Protection: Sunblock, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat to protect against the sun’s rays.
• Swimwear: Essential if you’re visiting the Black Sea coast.
• Comfortable Sandals: Ideal for the beach and casual strolls.
• Light Jacket or Sweater: This is for cooler evenings, especially in the coastal areas.
• Reusable Water Bottle: Stay hydrated in the summer heat.

Year-Round Essentials

• Personal Medications: Along with a basic first-aid kit.
• Power Adapter: Bulgaria uses Type F and C electrical outlets with a standard voltage of 230 V.
• Travel Documents: Passport, visa (if required), travel insurance, and copies of important documents.
• Camera or Smartphone: For capturing the beauty of Bulgaria’s landscapes and historic sites.
• Daypack: For day trips and carrying essentials while exploring.

Transportation within the Country

Navigating Bulgaria offers a blend of traditional charm and modern convenience, making travel within this picturesque country accessible and enjoyable. Whether you’re moving between cities or exploring the countryside, Bulgaria’s transportation infrastructure caters to a wide range of preferences and budgets.

Public Transportation

Bulgaria’s public transportation system is robust, comprising buses, trams, and a metro system in Sofia.

• Buses are the backbone of intercity travel, connecting major cities and towns nationwide. They are affordable and frequent, with services ranging from standard to luxury coaches. Companies like Union Ivkoni and Biomet offer extensive routes, with tickets costing as little as 10 to over 50 BGN, depending on the distance and service level.
• Trams and Trolleys are efficient ways to navigate cities like Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna. They’re handy for short distances within urban areas.
• Sofia’s Metro is a fast and reliable option for getting around the capital, with two lines connecting key areas, including the airport to the city center. A single journey costs 1.60 BGN, with options for daily and monthly passes available.

Taxis

Taxis are widely available in Bulgarian cities and are relatively inexpensive compared to other European countries. A ride within city limits typically costs between 0.80 and 1.20 BGN per kilometer. To ensure fair pricing and avoid scams, it’s advisable to use reputable companies or apps like Yellow Taxi or TaxiMe.

Car Rentals

Renting a car is an excellent option for those who prefer to explore at their own pace. Numerous international and local rental agencies operate in Bulgaria, including airports and city centers. Daily rental rates start from around 30 BGN for a small car, excluding insurance and fuel. Roads vary in quality, so consider renting a vehicle suitable for your travel itinerary, especially if you plan to visit mountainous areas.

Other Means of Travel

• Trains in Bulgaria offer scenic routes, particularly for journeys between major cities and towns. Though not as fast as buses, trains offer a unique charm and are an affordable way to see the countryside.
• Biking is becoming increasingly popular, especially in cities with bike-sharing schemes like Sofia and along the Black Sea coast. Please refer to the cycling tips for Bulgaria.

Helpful Apps and Websites

• BG Razpisanie provides schedules for buses and trains across the country.
• TaxiMe and Maxim are reliable taxi-hailing apps that ensure you get a fair price and a safe ride.
• Google Maps is invaluable for navigating public transit routes, estimating taxi fares, and planning driving routes.

Accommodation

Finding the perfect place to stay is key to planning your Bulgarian adventure. Bulgaria offers various accommodation options to suit every taste and budget, whether you’re drawn to Sofia’s cultural vibrancy, Varna’s seaside charm, or Burgas’s relaxed atmosphere.

Sofia

As the capital city, Sofia boasts an extensive selection of accommodations, from cozy budget hostels to high-end luxury hotels.

• Budget Hostels are highly rated for their friendly atmosphere and central location. Dorm beds are available from as low as 20 BGN per night.
• Mid-range Hotels offer a comfortable stay with added amenities, with rates starting around 80 BGN per night.
• Luxury Hotels provide top-tier facilities and service, with prices from 200 BGN per night upwards.

Booking platforms such as Booking.com, Airbnb, and Hostelworld offer various options, with user reviews to help make an informed decision.

Varna

This coastal city caters to beach lovers and cultural explorers, with accommodations ranging from seaside resorts to boutique guesthouses.

• Beachfront Resorts offer luxury and proximity to the sea, with rates starting at around 150 BGN per night.
• Guesthouses and B&Bs provide a more intimate setting. Prices start at 60 BGN per night.
• Budget Options, including hostels and budget hotels, are available for those looking to save, with prices starting at around 25 BGN per night.

Burgas

Known for its laid-back vibe, Burgas offers a mix of accommodations suited for relaxation and exploration.

• Family-run Guesthouses offer a homely atmosphere, with comfortable rooms starting at 45 BGN per night.
• Mid-range Hotels are centrally located with modern amenities, with rates beginning at 70 BGN per night.
• Luxury Accommodation provides a lavish experience from 200 BGN per night.

Consider booking your accommodation well in advance, especially during the peak summer months for the best deals and availability. Websites like TripAdvisor and Expedia, alongside direct booking platforms, provide comprehensive reviews and comparisons to help tailor your stay to your preferences.

Bulgaria’s warmth and hospitality will make your visit memorable regardless of where you choose to stay. From budget-friendly hostels to luxurious resorts, each city offers a unique blend of Bulgarian culture and comfort, ensuring a welcoming base for your travels.

Food and Drink

Bulgarian cuisine, a delightful amalgamation of flavors influenced by its rich history and geographical diversity, offers an array of traditional dishes and drinks that will tantalize your taste buds. Bulgaria’s culinary scene is a testament to its cultural melting pot, from hearty meals to refreshing beverages.

Traditional Bulgarian Dishes

• Banitsa: This savory pastry, filled with cheese and eggs, is a breakfast staple and a must-try for any visitor.
• Shopska Salad: A refreshing salad made with tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions and topped with a generous sprinkling of sirene cheese.
• Kavarma is a deliciously stewed mix of meat, usually pork or chicken, mushrooms, onions, and peppers, seasoned with herbs and spices.
• Sarmi: Grape or cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and rice, slow-cooked to perfection.
• Moussaka: A Bulgarian take on the dish, layering potatoes, minced meat, and a topping of Bulgarian yogurt and eggs.
• Learn more facts about the flavors of Bulgarian cuisine.

Traditional Drinks

Regarding booking, most restaurants in these cities accept reservations online or via telephone. For an authentic dining experience, look for places bustling with locals. Websites like TripAdvisor, Google Reviews, and local food blogs can offer valuable insights and recommendations to guide your culinary exploration in Bulgaria.

Sightseeing

Bulgaria is rich in historical landmarks, natural beauty, and cultural experiences. Each city boasts its own unique attractions, catering to a wide range of interests. Here’s your guide to must-visit places in Sofia, Varna, and Burgas, including opening hours, entry fees, and special events where applicable.

Sofia

1. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

• Opening Hours: Daily, 7:00 am to 6:00 pm
• Entry Fee: Free for the cathedral; a fee for the crypt museum
• This iconic cathedral is a masterpiece of Bulgarian Orthodox architecture. Don’t miss the crypt, which houses an impressive collection of religious art.

2. Boyana Church

• Opening Hours: Tuesday to Sunday, 9:30 am to 5:30 pm
• Entry Fee: 10 BGN
• A UNESCO World Heritage site known for its well-preserved medieval frescoes.

3. Vitosha Mountain

• Opening Hours: Always open
• Entry Fee: Free
• A short trip from the city, Vitosha offers hiking, skiing, and breathtaking views over the capital city.

4. History Museum

• Opening Hours: Daily, 10:00 am to 6:00 pm
• Entry Fee: 6 BGN
• Located in the beautiful former Central Mineral Baths, it presents the city’s history from ancient to modern times.

Are you visiting Sofia just for a day while on a business trip? Check out the must-see locations.

Varna

1. Varna Archaeological Museum

• Opening Hours: Tuesday to Saturday, 10:00 am to 5:00 pm
• Entry Fee: 10 BGN
• Home to the oldest gold treasure in the world, along with artifacts from Varna’s history as a Thracian, Roman, and Byzantine city.

2. Sea Garden

• Opening Hours: Always open
• Entry Fee: Free
• A vast park along the coast, perfect for leisurely walks, with cafes, playgrounds, and a view of the Black Sea.

3. Aladzha Monastery

• Opening Hours: May to October, 9:00 am to 6:00 pm; November to April, 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
• Entry Fee: 5 BGN
• An impressive medieval cave monastery, rich in history and set in a scenic forest area.

4. The Roman Baths

• Opening Hours: Daily, 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
• Entry Fee: 5 BGN
• Among the largest Roman remains in Bulgaria, offering a glimpse into the ancient city’s daily life.

Burgas

1. Sea Garden

• Opening Hours: Always open
• Entry Fee: Free
• Burgas’s version of the Sea Garden is a beautifully landscaped park along the coast with sculptures, a summer sand festival, and beautiful beach views.

2. Burgas Lakes

• Opening Hours: Always open
• Entry Fee: Free, but there may be fees for guided tours or specific activities.
• The lakes around Burgas are renowned for bird watching, especially during migration seasons.

3. The Historical Museum

• Opening Hours: Monday to Friday, 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
• Entry Fee: 4 BGN
• Offers insights into the region’s history, from antiquity through the Bulgarian National Revival period.

Please be aware that the above-mentioned prices are provided for guidance only and are subject to change. For the most current information, including any potential changes to opening hours and entry fees, it’s advisable to check the official websites or contact the attractions directly. Many of these sites also host special events and exhibitions, so be on the lookout for those to enrich your visit. Whether exploring ancient ruins, enjoying natural landscapes, or immersing yourself in local culture, Bulgaria offers memorable experiences.

Safety and Health Planning

Traveling to Bulgaria offers an enriching experience, but like any destination, it’s important to stay informed about safety, health, and emergency procedures to ensure a worry-free journey.

Local Emergency Numbers

Keep these numbers handy for any emergency situations:

• 112 is the universal emergency number for police, fire brigade, and ambulance services in Bulgaria. It’s accessible from any phone, free of charge.
• 150 for ambulance services
• 160 for the fire department
• 166 for police (though 112 is recommended as it reaches all emergency services)

Common Scams and Safety Concerns

While Bulgaria is generally safe for travelers, be aware of common scams and issues:

• Taxi Scams: Ensure the taxi meter runs or agree on a fare beforehand. Typically, all taxis use taxi meters. Use reputable taxi companies or apps like TaxiMe.
• Pickpocketing: As in many tourist destinations, be aware of your belongings in crowded places, especially in major cities and on public transport.
• Fake Accommodation Listings: Book through reputable websites or agencies to avoid scams on rentals.

Travel Insurance

Investing in comprehensive travel insurance is highly recommended. It should cover medical expenses, theft, loss, and cancellations. Verify that your policy covers the activities you plan to undertake, such as skiing or hiking.

Medical Facilities

Bulgaria has both public and private medical facilities. Major cities like Sofia, Varna, and Burgas have hospitals with emergency services. Pharmacies are widely available, but it’s wise to bring a supply of any prescription medications you need, along with a copy of the prescription.

Vaccinations

No specific vaccinations are required for entry into Bulgaria, but the following are recommended for most travelers:

• Routine Vaccinations: Ensure you are current on routine vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio, and your yearly flu shot.

Consult with a travel medicine specialist or doctor at least 4 – 6 weeks before your trip to discuss any health concerns and get necessary vaccinations.

Healthcare and Pharmacies in Bulgaria

Navigating healthcare services in a foreign country can be daunting, but in Bulgaria, travelers will find a system accessible and equipped to handle various medical needs. Whether you require emergency medical attention, need to visit a pharmacy for over-the-counter medication, or want peace of mind during your travels, here’s what you need to know about healthcare and pharmacies in Bulgaria.

Accessing Healthcare Services

• Emergency Services: In case of a medical emergency, dial 112 to reach the emergency services. This number can be dialed from any phone, free of charge, and operators can communicate in English. Emergency medical services in Bulgaria are competent, and ambulances are well-equipped to provide immediate care.
• Hospitals and Clinics: Bulgaria has both public and private healthcare facilities. While public hospitals provide a good standard of care, particularly in larger cities, private clinics may offer faster services and more comfortable conditions, often with staff who can speak English more fluently. Travelers should have travel health insurance that covers medical treatment in private facilities.
• General Practitioners (GPs): Visiting a GP is a common first step for non-emergency medical concerns. Hotels and accommodations can often recommend a local doctor who speaks English, German, Spanish, or other languages.

Pharmacies

• Availability: Pharmacies are widely available throughout Bulgaria, including in smaller towns and villages. They are usually marked with a green cross sign. In larger cities like Sofia, Varna, Plovdiv, and Burgas, you’ll find 24-hour pharmacies.
• Over-the-Counter Medications: Pharmacies in Bulgaria stock a comprehensive range of over-the-counter medications, including pain relievers, allergy medications, and cold and flu remedies. Pharmacists in Bulgaria are well-trained and can offer advice on minor ailments, though it’s helpful to know the generic name of any medication you require, as brand names may differ.
• Prescription Medications: If you’re traveling with prescription medication, bring a sufficient supply and a copy of the prescription. A letter from your doctor detailing your medical needs may be helpful. Depending on the medicine, you may need to see a local doctor for a prescription refill in Bulgaria.

Health Insurance

• Travel Health Insurance: It’s strongly recommended that travelers to Bulgaria, as with any international destination, have comprehensive travel health insurance. This should cover medical treatment, hospitalization, and, if necessary, medical evacuation. Check your policy details carefully to ensure they meet your needs, and understand how to claim if needed.

Health Tips for Travelers

• Tap Water: Tap water is generally safe to drink in Bulgaria, but if you have a sensitive stomach or live in a rural area, you may prefer bottled water.
• First Aid Kit: Carry a basic kit with essentials such as plasters, antiseptic wipes, and personal medication. It is obligatory to have a first aid kit in the car.
• European Health Insurance Card (EHIC): EU citizens should bring their EHIC card, which provides access to state-provided healthcare at a reduced cost or sometimes free. However, this should not be seen as a substitute for travel insurance.

Language and Culture

Understanding the local language and culture enriches your travel experience, offering a deeper connection with the places you visit and the people you meet. With its rich history and traditions, Bulgaria presents a fascinating cultural tapestry.

Language

Bulgarian is the official language. It is a South Slavic language with its own Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet. English is widely spoken in tourist areas, major cities, and among the younger population, but knowledge of some Bulgarian phrases will be appreciated and can enhance your experience.

Helpful Phrases:

• Hello: Здравей (Zdravey)
• Goodbye: Довиждане (Dovizhdane)
• Please: Моля (Molya)
• Thank you: Благодаря (Blagodarya)
• Yes: Да (Da)
• No: Не (Ne)
• Excuse me / Sorry: Извинете (Izvinete)
• How much is this?: Колко струва това? (Kolko struva tova?)
• Do you speak English?: Говорите ли английски? (Govorite li angliyski?)

Culture

Bulgarian culture is a mosaic of Thracian, Slavic, and Byzantine influences, evident in its architecture, folk traditions, and culinary practices.

Traditions and Etiquette

• Hospitality: Bulgarians are known for their warmth and hospitality. It’s common to be invited to someone’s home, where refusing food or drink might be considered impolite.
• Folk Music and Dance: Traditional music and dance play a significant role in Bulgarian culture. The horo, a traditional group dance, is a common sight at celebrations.
• Giving and receiving feedback: Discover critical strategies for effective feedback in Bulgaria, tailored for foreign managers.

Cultural Insights

• Religion: The Bulgarian Orthodox Church plays a significant role in cultural and spiritual life, with many holidays and customs tied to Orthodox Christianity.
• Festivals: Bulgaria hosts festivals yearly, celebrating everything from roses (Rose Festival in Kazanlak) to traditional dance (Koprivshtitsa Folk Festival).
• Cuisine: Bulgarian cuisine reflects the country’s agricultural bounty, featuring fresh vegetables, dairy products, and meats. Yogurt and cheese (especially sirene) are staples; meals often begin with a salad.
• Discovering some captivating facts about Bulgaria and sharing them with your Bulgarian friends will nicely surprise them.

Cultural Etiquette and Social Norms

Understanding and respecting local customs and social norms is key to a rewarding and respectful visit to Bulgaria. Here’s a guide to help you navigate Bulgarian cultural etiquette, ensuring positive interactions with locals and an enriching travel experience.

Greetings and Communication

• Formality: Initial interactions tend to be formal. Use titles and surnames until invited to use first names. When meeting for the first time, a firm handshake is typical for both men and women.
• Personal Space: Bulgarians may stand closer than you’re accustomed to. However, this is a sign of trust and should be seen as a gesture of warmth.
• Direct Communication: Bulgarians are known for their directness in communication. Honest and straightforward talk is appreciated, but always aim to be polite and respectful.

Hospitality and Visiting Homes

• Invitations: If invited to a Bulgarian home, it’s customary to bring a small gift, such as flowers, chocolates, or a bottle of wine. When giving flowers, ensure they are an odd number, as even numbers are reserved for funerals.
• Shoes Off: In many Bulgarian homes, removing your shoes at the door is customary. Follow the host’s lead or politely inquire if you should do so.
• Dining Etiquette: If you’re invited for a meal, try to finish everything on your plate as a sign of appreciation for the host’s cooking. Toasting is a significant aspect of dining culture, often led by the host.

Public Behavior and Dress Code

• Respectful Dress: Dress conservatively when visiting religious sites. Cover shoulders and knees as a sign of respect.
• Public Spaces: Maintain a polite demeanor in public spaces. Loud and boisterous behavior is generally frowned upon, especially in close quarters like public transport.

Tips and Gratuities

• Tipping Culture: Tipping is appreciated for good service in Bulgaria. In restaurants, rounding up the bill or leaving 10% is customary. For taxis, rounding up to the nearest Lev is common.

Understanding the Bulgarian Nod

• Perhaps the most unique cultural nuance is the Bulgarian nod. Contrary to many cultures, Bulgarians nod downwards to signify ‘yes’ and shake their heads sideways for ‘no.’ This can confuse visitors, so pay attention to the context of the conversation and clarify verbally when in doubt.

Observing Local Traditions

• Baba Marta, Martenitsa: On March 1st, Bulgarians celebrate Baba Marta Day by exchanging red and white tassels, called martenitsi. Wearing one until you see a stork or a blooming tree signifies the arrival of spring and is believed to bring health and happiness.
• Name Days: Besides birthdays, celebrating one’s name day (associated with a saint) is a significant tradition. If you have a Bulgarian friend, wishing them well on their name day is a thoughtful gesture.

Environmental Awareness

• Nature Respect: Bulgarians take pride in their natural landscape. Show respect by not littering and following designated trails when hiking or exploring natural parks.

Local Laws and Regulations

Understanding Bulgaria’s local laws and regulations is crucial for a hassle-free visit. Being aware of the country’s rules regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, and driving can help ensure that your stay is both enjoyable and compliant with local customs. Here’s a brief overview of what you need to know:

Smoking Regulations

Bulgaria has strict smoking regulations in public spaces. By regulation, smoking is prohibited in all indoor public places, including restaurants, bars, clubs, public transport, and workplaces. Some establishments have designated smoking areas, but it’s always best to look for signage or ask before lighting up. Violating these regulations can result in fines, so it’s important to adhere to the smoking laws. There are designated areas to smoke at some airports in Bulgaria.

Alcohol Consumption

The legal drinking age in Bulgaria is 18. Alcohol can be purchased from stores, supermarkets, and other licensed premises. While enjoying a drink in bars and restaurants is part of the local culture, public drunkenness is frowned upon and can lead to fines or detention. Drinking alcohol in public places (streets, parks, etc.) is generally prohibited, especially in areas with signage indicating such bans.

Driving under the influence of alcohol is taken very seriously in Bulgaria. The legal blood alcohol limit is very low (0.05%), and penalties for driving under the influence can include heavy fines, license suspension, and even imprisonment for severe offenses. Always opt for a designated driver or use public transportation or taxis if you plan to drink.

Driving Laws

Driving in Bulgaria requires adherence to EU standards of road safety and regulations:

• Driving License: Foreign drivers can use their national driving license in Bulgaria, but an International Driving Permit is recommended for non-EU license holders.
• Speed Limits for cars: Speed limits in Bulgaria are typically 50 km/h in urban areas, 90 km/h on open roads, and 140 km/h on motorways unless signs indicate otherwise. Get detailed information about the speed limits in Bulgaria.
• Seat Belts: Seat belts are mandatory for all passengers in the vehicle.
• Mobile Phones: Using a mobile phone while driving is prohibited unless you have a hands-free system.
• Headlights: Having your vehicle headlights on during the day while driving outside urban areas is mandatory.
• Learn road safety and driving regulations in Bulgaria.

Cultural Respect and Legal Compliance

• Religious and Historical Sites: When visiting religious and historical sites, it’s important to dress modestly and follow any posted guidelines or instructions from site personnel.
• Environmental Protection: Bulgaria values its natural landscapes and heritage. Littering, graffiti, and vandalism of natural sites and historical monuments can result in fines.

Events and Festivals

Bulgaria’s calendar is rich with vibrant events and festivals that showcase the country’s cultural heritage, traditions, and love for the arts. Whether you’re interested in music, dance, folklore, or culinary delights, something is happening throughout the year to enrich your visit. Here are some of the significant events and festivals to look out for:

Spring

• Martenitsa Festival (Baba Marta, March 1st): Celebrated across the country, Bulgarians exchange red and white tokens called “martenitsi” to welcome spring and wish each other health and happiness.
• Sofia Film Festival (March) is one of the biggest film festivals in Bulgaria. It showcases an impressive selection of domestic and international films.

Summer

• Rose Festival (Late May – Early June): Held in Kazanlak, in the heart of the Rose Valley, this festival celebrates the season of rose harvesting with parades, folk music, and dance performances.
• Kavarna Rock Fest (June/July): A must-visit for rock music enthusiasts, taking place in the seaside town of Kavarna.
• Nestinarstvo (Fire Dancing Festival) (June 3rd – 4th): Held in the village of Bulgari, this ancient ritual involves barefoot dances on smoldering embers to honor Saints Constantine and Helena.

Autumn

• Apollonia Festival of Arts (End of August – Beginning of September): A celebration of the arts in the coastal town of Sozopol, featuring music, theater, film, and dance.
• Plovdiv International Fair (September) is one of Bulgaria’s oldest and largest trade fairs. It showcases a wide range of products and innovations.

Winter

• Surva International Festival of the Masquerade Games (January): Hosted in Pernik, this festival revives ancient Bulgarian customs with masked participants and colorful parades to drive away evil spirits and welcome the new spring.
• Bansko Jazz Festival (August): While not in winter, it’s worth mentioning due to its popularity. Bansko transforms into a jazz haven, attracting international musicians and fans.

Year-Round

• Varna Summer International Music Festival (June – August): The oldest music festival in Bulgaria, featuring classical concerts, opera, and ballet performances.

Budgeting and Money

Bulgaria offers great value for money, especially compared to Western European countries, Canada, and the US. The cost can vary significantly depending on your travel style, but Bulgaria is generally considered an affordable destination. Here’s a guide to help you budget for your trip, including information on currency, exchange rates, and payment methods.

Currency

• The Bulgarian Lev (BGN) is the official currency.
• Find more information about the Bulgarian currency and banking.
• 1 Euro equals 1.95583 Bulgarian levs; the exchange rate is fixed but can vary between banks and money exchange points.

Average Costs

• Meals: An inexpensive restaurant serves a three-course meal for around 15-20 BGN. A mid-range restaurant might charge 25-40 BGN per person. Street food and fast food options are cheaper, often around 10 BGN.
• Accommodation: A dormitory bed in a budget hostel or guesthouse costs 30-40 BGN per night. Mid-range hotels might charge 60-120 BGN per night for a double room. Luxury accommodations and resorts can cost upwards of 150 BGN per night.
• Attractions: Many natural attractions and outdoor activities are free. Museum and historical site entry fees vary but are generally in the range of 5-20 BGN. Guided tours and special experiences will cost more.
• Transportation: City public transport tickets cost around 2 BGN, while intercity bus and train fares depend on the distance but are reasonably priced. Car rentals start at about 40 BGN per day for a small car.

Exchange Rates and Money Exchange

• Exchange rates to currencies other than the Euro fluctuate, so check the latest rates before exchanging money. It’s advisable to exchange some cash with Leva upon arrival or withdraw it from ATMs. Currency exchange offices are available in cities and tourist areas but be wary of commission fees. Banks typically offer better rates.

Credit Cards and ATMs

• Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in major cities and tourist areas. However, cash is good for small purchases, especially in rural areas or local markets. ATMs are readily available across the country.

Tips for Saving Money

• Eat at local bakeries or fast-food places, or buy from supermarkets for inexpensive meals.
• Use public transportation or rent a bike to get around affordably.
• Look for accommodation with cooking facilities to save on meals.
• Take advantage of free attractions and enjoy Bulgaria’s natural beauty.

Connectivity

Staying connected in Bulgaria is fairly straightforward, thanks to the country’s good coverage of mobile networks and widespread availability of Wi-Fi. Whether you’re navigating the streets of Sofia, exploring the coastal charms of Varna and Burgas, or trekking through the scenic mountains, you’ll find various options to ensure you remain connected with the world.

Mobile Networks

Several major mobile network operators, including Vivacom, A1, and Telenor, serve Bulgaria and offer comprehensive coverage across most parts of the country. These networks provide reliable 4G services, and 5G is gradually being rolled out in urban areas.

SIM Cards and Data Packs for Tourists

For tourists, purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival is a convenient and cost-effective way to stay connected. SIM cards are readily available at airports, network operators’ branded stores, and even supermarkets. You’ll typically need to show your passport as identification to purchase a SIM card.

Prepaid SIM cards with data packs are particularly popular among travelers, offering various options depending on your needs. You can expect to pay around 10-20 BGN for a SIM card that includes a decent amount of data (e.g., 5-10GB) and local and international calling minutes. Top-ups are easily done through the operator’s website, mobile app, or at various physical locations.

Wi-Fi Availability

Wi-Fi access is widespread in Bulgaria. Cafes, restaurants, hotels, and public spaces in larger cities and tourist areas often provide free Wi-Fi to customers. The quality and speed of these networks can vary, but they are generally suitable for basic browsing, social media, and emails.

In Sofia, Varna, Burgas, and other major cities, you may also find public Wi-Fi hotspots in parks, squares, and nearby major attractions. While convenient, it’s wise to use a VPN to ensure your data remains secure when connecting to public Wi-Fi networks.

Tips for Staying Connected

• If you rely on mobile data, consider downloading offline maps and translation apps before heading to areas with potentially spotty coverage.
• When using public Wi-Fi, be mindful of network security. Avoid accessing sensitive information or making transactions over unsecured networks.
• Check with your accommodation to confirm Wi-Fi availability and any associated costs, especially if you plan to work remotely or need a high-speed connection.

Calling Bulgarian Numbers from a Foreign Phone

Tips and Tricks

Traveling in Bulgaria can be an enriching experience with a little insider knowledge. Here are some tips and tricks to help you navigate the country like a local, make the most of your visit, and avoid common pitfalls.

Best Times to Visit Popular Sites

• Avoid Crowds: Aim to visit popular tourist attractions early in the morning or later in the afternoon to dodge the crowds. Many sites are less busy on weekdays.
• Seasonal Considerations: Bulgaria’s beach resorts are busiest in July and August. Consider visiting in June or September for pleasant weather with fewer tourists. Ski resorts are popular from December to March; booking in advance is recommended.

Navigating Tourist Traps

• Research: Look up restaurants and attractions beforehand to find authentic experiences and avoid tourist traps. Online reviews and local travel blogs can be great resources.
• Local Advice: Don’t hesitate to ask locals for their recommendations. Often, the best dining and entertainment options aren’t the most advertised or centrally located.

Local Customs and Etiquette

• Greetings: A firm handshake is common when meeting someone. Close friends may greet each other with a hug or a kiss on each cheek.
• Tipping: While not mandatory, tipping is appreciated for good service in Bulgaria. Rounding up the bill or leaving 10% is customary in restaurants. Tipping taxi drivers isn’t expected, but rounding up to the nearest Lev is common.
• Dress Code: When visiting religious sites, dress modestly out of respect. This usually means covering shoulders and knees.
• Nodding for No, Shaking Head for Yes: One peculiar aspect of Bulgarian non-verbal communication is that nodding is used to signify ‘no’, and shaking the head side to side means ‘yes.’ This can be unclear, so pay attention to the context and verbal confirmation.

Miscellaneous Tips

• Water: Tap water is generally safe to drink in cities, but if you have a sensitive stomach, opting for bottled water might be wise.
• Power Outages: Power outages can occur in some rural areas. Carry a flashlight or have a phone with a built-in light.
• Stay Connected: Buying a local SIM card is inexpensive and keeps you connected. Wi-Fi is widely available in public spaces and accommodations.
• Transport: When using public transport, be aware that schedules might not always be strictly adhered to. Allow some flexibility in your travel plans.

Embrace Local Life

• Markets and Festivals: Engage with local life by visiting markets and festivals. They offer a glimpse into the Bulgarian way of life and are a great opportunity to try local foods.
• Learn a Few Bulgarian Phrases: While many Bulgarians speak English, especially in tourist areas, learning a few basic phrases in Bulgarian can go a long way in endearing yourself to locals.