From the fall of communism in 1989 to its accession to the European Union in 2007, Bulgaria underwent profound political, economic, and social transformations, reshaping its national identity and place in the world.

Explore the Cucuteni–Trypillia Culture (c. 4800–3000 BCE): painted pottery, huge “mega-sites,” farming economies, and its links to the wider Balkan Copper Age world.

The Vinca Culture was a prominent prehistoric civilization that flourished during the Neolithic period, from 5700 to 4200 BC. Centered primarily in what is now Serbia, Romania, and Northwestern Bulgaria, the Vinca Culture extended its influence into Hungary, Macedonia, and Greece.

The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies originating in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age, around 1200 BC. Their culture flourished...

The Thracians were an ancient Indo-European people who established their presence in the Balkan Peninsula around 1500 BC. Thracian tribes formed early kingdoms, the most notable being the Odrysian Kingdom.