Between 1885 and 1908, Bulgaria experienced significant economic and social transformation, driven by modernization efforts, infrastructure development, and the pursuit of national independence.

The Varna culture (c. 4700–4100 BC) straddled the Neolithic and Chalcolithic (Copper Age) eras, a time when farming villages were expanding and metalworking was just beginning to emerge.

From liberation in 1878 to the aftermath of World War II, Bulgaria's foreign policy was intricately shaped by its financial constraints, particularly its growing national debt and reliance on foreign loans, which dictated the nation's strategic alliances and diplomatic maneuvers.

Although not a central stage of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, Bulgaria houses intriguing archaeological traces that hint at the subtle influence of this remarkable Bronze Age civilization.

Long before the pyramids rose or the first cities flourished, humanity’s fascination with gold began on the shores of the Black Sea, where the Varna Necropolis revealed the world’s oldest processed gold, reshaping our understanding of ancient civilization.